APA in-text citations
How to cite sources in the text in APA 7. The generator shows the in-text citation for every source next to the reference.
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Format
(Author, Year) · Author (Year) · (Author, Year, p. 14)
- •Parenthetical: (Kahneman, 2011). Narrative: Kahneman (2011) argues that …
- •Two authors: (Karpicke & Blunt, 2011), in the sentence with “and”: Karpicke and Blunt (2011).
- •Three or more authors: the first author and “et al.” from the first citation on: (Smith et al., 2020).
- •Direct quotes need a page: (Kahneman, 2011, p. 14). Without pages use a paragraph number: (World Health Organization, n.d., para. 3).
- •Several sources in one parenthesis: alphabetical, separated by semicolons: (Bjork & Bjork, 1992; Karpicke & Blunt, 2011).
Example
Common questions
How do I cite an organisation with an abbreviation?
Write the full name with the abbreviation the first time: (World Health Organization [WHO], 2022). After that the abbreviation is enough: (WHO, 2022).
Same author, same year?
Add letters to the year in the text and in the reference list: (Smith, 2020a, 2020b). The order follows the titles alphabetically.
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Formatting by citeproc-js (CPAL-1.0, Frank Bennett) · Citation styles from the Citation Style Language project (CC BY-SA 3.0) · Data: Crossref, Open Library · Licences